Engineering

                                       SETTING OUT

                        To commence excavations the actual locations and lines of the proposed project should be marked on the ground. Setting out is the most important activity when constructing. Because of that it should be 100% accurate. When setting out work start there are some factors to be concerned.

·         Site layout

If all the structures can be accommodated with in the allocated site.

·         Sequence of construction

Normally the large scale projects were constructed according to the grid lines when I was at the site, the setting out of grid lines were done.

                        Using the service of a licensed surveyor they have marked the off points of some grid lines. When marking these off points considering the project plan they were marked away from the building. After that the actual points were taken from the off points by using the Theodolight.

                        To transfer the grid lines to upper floors they have placed voids. Normally these voids are placed tan the four corners of the slab. But it varies according to the plan of the floor. After that the gridlines were marked on the slab using the Theodolight.

Setting Out Works

    Location has been shown on the drawing so it must be laid out properly on the site. This work called ‘‘setting – out work’’.

THE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

·         Leveling instrument (Dumpy / Eng.)

·         Theodolight

·         Measuring tape

·       Builders square

·       Sprit level

·       Pegs

·      Strings

   Leveling

       Leveling is the major process in the construction field. We can identify one level instrument and two simple level checking instruments. These are follows,           

·         Dumpy level

·         Sprit level

·         Water level

Dumpy  Level

              Various applications done by using this. This is the major leveling instrument.

·         Can transfer reference lines from one place to another place.

Sprit  Level

              Checking of the levels were carried out by using sprit level. It has two sprit bubbles. One is situated at horizontally & other one is perpendicular to first one. So we can ability to check the horizontal & vertical level of the construction.

Water  Level

              This is very simple equipment that consists simply length of rubber or plastic tube. Water level is useful for transferring levels from one place to another place.